Competition of alliances in a cyclically dominant eight-species population

In a diverse population, where many species are present, competitors can fight for surviving at individual and collective levels. particular, species, which would beat each other individually, may form specific alliance that ensures them stable coexistence against the invasion of an external species. Our principal goal is to identify those general features formation determine its vitality. Therefore, we here study traditional Lotka–Volterra model eight-species two four-species cycles space. Beside these formations, there solutions emerge when rates varied. The complete range parameters explored find in most cases alliances prevail formed by equally strong members. Interestingly, regions symmetry broken system dominated solution seven work also highlights serious finite-size effects prevent observing valid small system.